婦科癌症學科
子宮頸癌臨床上不適合生育保留手術的患者,生育保留的可能?
臨床上不適合生育保留手術的患者,生育保留的可能?
然而,巨大子宮頸癌患者(一般指IB3期以上患者),需要生育保留時,根除性子宮頸部切除術是否有機會進行?
臨床分期IB3期以上的患者,由於接受此種生育保留手術後,局部復發風險相當高、病理下常見子宮頸旁結締組織被癌細胞侵犯,同時常合併高比率的骨盆腔淋巴結轉移機率,基本上已經不適合施行生育保留手術[15]。 此外,就算手術進行成功,也常因為患者具備局部復發危險因子,不得不讓患者接受骨盆腔放射線治療!(放射線治療後,卵巢功能與子宮內膜組織隨之萎縮無功能而生育喪失)。然而,仍然有專家醫師嘗試在此類患者身上進行生育保留手術,例如一個病例系列研究中提及,在這些患者身上使用腹腔鏡作骨盆腔淋巴腺摘除(廓清)術後,確認沒有骨盆腔淋巴結轉移後,開始在患者身上進行縮小腫瘤體積的輔助性化學治療,再讓患者接受根除性子宮頸部切除術。最後發現患者術後產生局部復發的風險高達50% [16]。因而,根據目前的治療經驗和有限的證據,最終仍不建議在此類風險較高的患者身上進行生育保留的根除性子宮頸部切除術。然而,是否這類患者生育無望呢?換位思考一下,改成進行卵巢轉位手術,將卵巢移出骨盆腔外(尤其是放射線治療的範圍之外),還是有機會達成卵巢功能保存、卵子保留的效果。
結論
許多婦癌手術專家為保留早期子宮頸癌患者的生育能力下,付出了很多努力。目前,在嚴格的挑選條件下,使用微創手術(腹腔鏡、達文西輔助腹腔鏡)進行骨盆腔淋巴腺摘除(廓清)術後,證實沒有骨盆腔淋巴腺轉移後,再進行根除性子宮頸部切除術或冷刀式子宮頸圓錐切除手術,嘗試保留子宮體部以完成患者未來生育。在患者同意知情風險後,通過化學治療縮小原發子宮頸腫瘤後,施行根除性子宮頸部切除術,也可以有機會應用在IB3期的病例身上,協助進行生育保留。然而,須千萬注意的是,冷刀式子宮頸圓錐切除手術與先化學治療縮小原發腫瘤後施行根除性子宮頸部切除術這兩個手術方式,目前屬於比較前衛的治療方式,並非目前癌症治療指引下的標準治療選項,它們仍然需要有足夠時間和更多有力的證據來驗證施行的安全性。
備註
此篇文章改寫自陳楨瑞與美國耶魯大學婦產部Masoud Azodi教授於2012年合著的論文Smaller but Feasible? Shrinkage of Surgical Scale for Selected Small Volume, Early Stage Cervical Cancer (from: Chen and Azodi, Gynecol Obstet 2012, 2:5),英文原始論文請參考http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0932.1000e108並歡迎自由下載閱讀。
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